Географическое положение реки лена: Attention Required! | Cloudflare

План описания реки Лены. 1. в какой части материка течёт ? 2. где берёт начало?…1. В какой части материка течёт ?
Северо-восточная часть Евразии

2. где берёт начало? куда впадает?
Исток на Байкальском хребте, на высоте около 1500 метров над уровнем моря, устье — море Лаптевых

3. в каком направление течёт?
В верхнем и части среднего течения течет с юго-запада на северо-восток, затем — почти строго на север

4. объясните зависимость характера течения от рельефа?
Верхнее течение отличается тем, что вода в реке имеет большую скорость из-за горного характера реки на этом отрезке,
В среднем течении приобретает характер равнинной реки, течение более спокойное, пойма расширяется, но справа почти отсутствует из-за того, что к реке примыкает Потомское нагорье, левый берег реки занят луговой затапливаемой поймой.
В нижнем течении Лена представляет собой спокойную равнинную реку.

5. определите источники питания?
В верхнем течении — ледниковое и снеговое (снеговое имеет больший вес), грунтовое и дождевое, в среднем и нижнем — снеговое, грунтовое и дождевое

6. какой режим реки и как он зависит от климата?
В верхнем течении реки (до впадение Витима) питание преимущественно снеговое. Почему? Потому что в этом районе Сибири грунтовое питание не имеет большого значения из-за непостоянства гидравлической связи поверхностных и подземных вод, дождевое питание также не имеет большой роли так как в этом районе большого количества осадков не выпадает.
Здесь река имеет выраженную низкую зимнюю межень, высокое весеннее половодье (май), и достаточно высокую летнюю межень.
В среднем течении, после впадения горных притоков (характеризующихся ледниковым питанием и летним увеличением уровня), летняя межень на Лене становится невыраженной, половодье удлиняется до середины июня в связи с более суровыми климатическими условиями зимой и ранней весной. Река имеет смешанное питание с преобладанием снегового.
В нижнем течении суровость климата приводит к удлинению весеннего половодья до первой половины июля и более позднему его началу (в конце мая). Зимняя межень хорошо выражена. Половодье растянуто. Летняя межень не выражена. Питание реки смешанное.

90000 location, hydrological regime and economic use 90001 90002 Lena is a majestic and mighty river, one oflargest waterways of Asia, collects its waters from the vast expanses of Siberia. Its pool is completely within the limits of one state — Russia. In this article you will find a brief description of the Lena River, in particular its geographic location, water regime and shipping features. 90003 90004 Plan of the description of the river Lena 90005 90002 All rivers are usually described according to a certainalgorithm, which includes several mandatory aspects.It provides for a comprehensive description of the watercourse for individual components. Thus, the plan for describing the Lena River in our article will have the following form: 90003 90008 90009 The name of the river, as well as the history of its origin. 90010 90009 Geography of the river (geographical location, source and estuary, river basin area, river system structure, enumeration of large tributaries, etc.). 90010 90009 Hydrology of the river (average monthly water discharge, water regime features, freezing and opening of the watercourse, etc.). 90010 90009 Specificity of economic use of the river by a person (population of the coast, shipping, large ports and bridges on the river, protection of water and shores, etc.). 90010 90017 90004 The Lena River: A Brief Description 90005 90002 Lena closes the first ten rivers along the length in the world (4270 km). This is one of the largest waterways in Russia. This river has one amazing feature: it freezes in one direction (from the mouth to the upper reaches), but is opened — in the opposite direction.90003 90002 The description of the river Lena is logical to start withexplanation of the origin of its name. Strangely enough, it is not at all connected with the female name. This hydroponics has Evenki roots and originally it sounded like «ehlue-ene», which in translation means «big river». Over time, this name was transformed in Russian pronunciation to the more familiar sounding word «Lena». 90003 90004 Geography of the river 90005 90002 The description of the Lena River, flowing through the expanses of Siberia, will be incomplete without a detailed description of its geographical location.Where does it originate, in what direction does it flow and where does it go? 90003 90002 Lena and all her numerous tributaries collectIts waters from the vast territories of Eastern Siberia. This is about 2500 thousand square kilometers. The river originates from a small lake, which, in turn, is practically a neighbor of Lake Baikal. In its upper reaches, Lena carries its waters through the dismembered territories of the mountainous Baikal region. The average flow of the river is characterized by one very interesting feature.Here, Lena has absolutely asymmetric shores: the left is low and gentle, and the right is represented by the steep and precipitous edge of the Patom Upland. 90003 90002 Lena flows into the Laptev Sea. In the lower reaches it is already a giant watercourse, which reaches a width of 10 kilometers! At a distance of 150 kilometers from the mouth of the Lena formed a wide delta. 90003 90002 On its long way to the sea, the river takes in a myriad of tributaries. However, the largest and most significant among them are four: Aldan, Viluy, Vitim and Olekma.90003 90004 Hydrology of the river 90005 90002 The peculiarities of the hydrological regime are one of thethe main aspects, which is included in any physical and geographical description of the river. Lena is fed by snow and rain water. It is characterized by a powerful spring flood, which accounts for about 40% of the entire runoff, several summer floods and low autumn and winter low water. 90003 90002 The maximum monthly average water discharge was recorded in June, reaching 60,000 m 90039 3 90040 / sec.90003 90002 A very powerful sight is the spring ice drift on the Lena, which, as a rule, is accompanied by stormy congestion. The river begins to open in April in the upper reaches, and ends — in June in the mouth area. 90003 90004 Population of river banks and shipping 90005 90002 Economic use of the river is sufficientweak, since Lena flows through extremely low-populated areas. Along its bed there are only six small cities. In the largest of them — Yakutsk — there are only 300 thousand people.Swimming on the river, you can not see hundreds of kilometers of anything, except for a deaf taiga. 90003 90002 On the entire length of Lena there are only 4 bridges. In the populated areas Siberians cross the river with the help of ferries or winter roads. 90003 90002 Surprisingly, Yakutia is one of those regionsEarth, where the main transport artery is the river. It is Lena that is the most important highway in this region, where people, raw materials and cargo are transported. The navigation period lasts about 150 days a year.The main ports on the river are the following: 90003 90008 90009 Sangar. 90010 90009 Yakutsk. 90010 90009 Pokrovsk. 90010 90009 Olekminsk. 90010 90009 Lensk. 90010 90009 Kirensk. 90010 90009 Sturgeon. 90010 90017 90004 Finally … 90005 90002 Lena is one of the largest river systemsRussia, which is completely located within its borders. In addition, it is also the most important transport highway of Siberia, connecting a few of its proud and villages. 90003 90002 The brief description of the Lena River, proposed in this article, gives us a comprehensive and clear idea of ​​its main geographical features, water regime and level of economic development.90003 p >> .90000 The Lena River — WorldAtlas 90001 90002 By Oishimaya Sen Nag on April 25 2017 in Environment 90003 90004 A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Lena Pillars stand proud along the Lena River in the Siberian region of the Russian Federation.90005 90006 5.Description 90007 90002 The Lena River is the 11th longest river in the world, flowing through a distance of 4,400 kilometers from its source in the Baikal Mountains 7 kilometers west of Lake Baikal, to its drainage point into the Arctic Laptev Sea. The drainage basin of the river covers a massive area of ​​2,490,000 square kilometers. The Lena River Delta is the largest Arctic Delta in the world, with an area of ​​32,000 square kilometers.Vast tracts of land along the river are protected in the form of nature reserves, such as the Lena Delta Nature Reserve, the Lena Pillars, and the Ust-Lensky Nature Reserve. 90003 90006 4.Historical Role 90007 90002 The origin of the name of the Lena River is said to have been derived from the local word Elyu-Ene, meaning the ‘Large River’. The river was probably first explored by a troupe of Russian fur hunters led by Demid Pyanda in the 17th Century. In 1623, Pyanda explored a 2,4000-kilometer stretch of the river. Since then, a large number of explorers have ventured out onto the Lena in order to record its course and discover its potential.In 1885 an expedition funded by the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences, and headed by Baron Eduard von Toll and Alexander von Bunge, was carried out to explore the Lena Delta and its path of entry into the Arctic Ocean. Ever since the discovery of the river, the Lena has been used as a significant trade and transport route for cargo into the Arctic Ocean. 90003 90006 3.Modern Significance 90007 90002 The Lena River plays a very significant role in the life of the people settled along its banks. Where the river flows through lowland regions, a wide variety of crops, like cucumbers, potatoes, wheat, and barley, are commercially cultivated. Animal ranching is also widely practiced here, facilitated by the availability of vast pasture lands for animal grazing. The land around the Lena River also has a rich repository of mineral wealth, including such precious metals as gold and diamonds, as well as iron ores and deposits of coking coal, which are the two key ingredients in steel-making.Other coal and natural gas deposits also occur in this region. The Lena River is also largely navigable, allowing for the transport of cargo, including excavated minerals, fur, food, and industrial products, from their respective production areas to the consumption and trade centers along the banks and the rest of the world by way of the Arctic Ocean routes. The river also holds an immense potential for development of hydroelectric power, but only a small fraction of this prospect has been exploited to date.90003 90006 2. Habitat 90007 90002 The varying temperature, topography, and precipitation patterns along the Lena River determines the vegetation of the region along its course.The central valley of the Lena River has wide expanses of steppe grasslands, while the floodplains of the river are characterized by typical taiga coniferous forests, along with peat bogs and swamps. Namely, Alder, willow, and birches grown in this region. Further north, in the river’s lower course, typical tundra types of vegetation prevail, with mosses, lichens, Arctic poppies, and Whitlow grasses covering the land surface in most areas. A large number of birds, including migratory species, nest in these habitats.Birds usually migrate to this land after the annual departure seen every winter to breed in the fertile wetlands of the region. Birds of prey, swans, geese, snipers, plovers, and sandpipers are among the birds commonly spotted near the Lena River Basin. Arctic lampreys, Arctic Cisco, other Cisco species, sturgeon, and Chung salmon are some of the commercially and ecologically important fish species of the Lena River. The river abounds in life, with 38 fish species and 92 planktonic species found therein.90003 90006 1.Threats and Disputes 90007 90002 Not only is the Lena River still one of the cleanest sources of freshwater on this planet, but it also flows along its natural course, as its flow has not been impeded by the large-scale construction of dams and reservoirs. This sets the Lena apart from many other rivers that have been exploited for their respective high hydroelectric power-generating potentials. Threats from oil spills, however, do occur, as a large number of vessels carrying cargo ply on this river regularly.In fact, 25,000 tons of oil from the Lena River pollute the Arctic Ocean each year. Even though large areas of the river basin are protected, threats from overfishing, overgrazing, deforestation of land for cultivation, and excessive water extraction for irrigation of croplands continue to be ongoing problems. 90003 .90000 Rhine River | Location, Length, Map, & Facts 90001 90002 Physiography 90003 90004 The Rhine rises in two headstreams high in the Swiss Alps. The Vorderrhein emerges from Lake Toma at 7,690 feet (2,344 metres), near the Oberalp Pass in the Central Alps, and then flows eastward past Disentis to be joined by the Hinterrhein from the south at Reichenau above Chur. (The Hinterrhein rises about five miles west of San Bernardino Pass, near the Swiss-Italian border, and is joined by the Albula River below Thusis.) Below Chur, the Rhine leaves the Alps to form the boundary first between Switzerland and the principality of Liechtenstein and then between Switzerland and Austria, before forming a delta as the current slackens at the entrance to Lake Constance. In this flat-floored section the Rhine has been straightened and the banks reinforced to prevent flooding. The Rhine leaves the lake via its Untersee arm. From there to its bend at Basel, the river is called the Hochrhein ( «High Rhine») and defines the Swiss-German frontier, except for the area below Stein am Rhein, where the frontier deviates so that the Rhine Falls at Schaffhausen are entirely within Switzerland.Downstream the Rhine flows swiftly between the Alpine foreland and the Black Forest region, its course interrupted by rapids, where-as at Laufenburg (Switzerland) and Säckingen and Schwörstadt (Germany) -barrages (dams) have been built. In this stretch the Rhine is joined by its Alpine tributaries, the Thur, Töss, Glatt, and Aare, and by the Wutach from the north. The Rhine has been navigable between Basel and Rheinfelden since 1934. 90005 90006 Rhine Falls 90007 Rhine Falls, on the upper Rhine River near Schaffhausen, Switzerland.90008 Phter 90009 Get exclusive access to content from our тисяча сімсот шістьдесят вісім First Edition with your subscription. Subscribe today 90004 Below Basel the Rhine turns northward to flow across a broad, flat-floored valley, some 20 miles wide, held between, respectively, the ancient massifs of the Vosges Mountains and Black Forest uplands and the Haardt Mountains and Odenwald (Oden Forest) upland . The main tributary from Alsace is the Ill, which joins the Rhine at Strasbourg, and various shorter rivers, such as the Dreisam and the Kinzig, drain from the Black Forest.Downstream, the regulated Neckar, after crossing the Oden uplands in a spectacular gorge as far as Heidelberg, enters the Rhine at Mannheim; and the Main leaves the plain of lower Franconian Switzerland for the Rhine opposite Mainz. Until the straightening of the upper Rhine, which began in the early 19th century, the river described a series of great loops, or meanders, over its floodplain, and today their remnants, the old backwaters and cutoffs near Breisach and Karlsruhe, mark the former course of the river.90005 90006 Observe a farmer toiling in a hillside grape vineyard along the Rhine River at Europe’s northernmost point 90007 A hillside vineyard along the Rhine River. 90008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 90009 See all videos for this article 90004 The middle Rhine is the most spectacular and romantic reach of the river. In this 90-mile (145-km) stretch the Rhine has cut a deep and winding gorge between the steep, slate-covered slopes of the Hunsrück mountains to the west and the Taunus Mountains to the east.Vineyards mantle the slopes as far as Koblenz, where the Moselle River joins the Rhine at the site the Romans called Confluentes. On the right bank, the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein dominates the Rhine where the Lahn tributary enters. Downstream the hills recede, the foothills of the volcanic Eifel region lying to the west and those of the Westerwald (Wester Forest) to the east. At Andernach, where the ancient Roman frontier left the Rhine, the basaltic Seven Hills rise steeply to the east of the river, where, as the English poet Lord Byron put it, «the castle crag of Dachenfels frowns o’er the wide and winding Rhine.»90005 90006 Katz Castle; Sankt Goarshausen; Rhine River 90007 Katz Castle, overlooking Sankt Goarshausen and the middle Rhine River, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. 90008 Ted McGrath (A Britannica Publishing Partner) 90009 90004 Below Bonn the valley opens out into a broad plain, where the old city of Cologne lies on the left bank of the Rhine. There the river is spanned by the modern Severin Bridge and by the rebuilt Hohenzollern railway bridge, which carries the line from Aachen to Düsseldorf and the Ruhr industrial region.Düsseldorf, on the right bank of the Rhine, is the dominant business centre of the North Rhine-Westphalia coalfield. Duisburg, which lies at the mouth of the Ruhr River, handles the bulk of the waterborne coal and coke from the Ruhr as well as imports of iron ore and oil. 90005 90006 Cologne, Germany 90007 Night view of Cologne, Germany, on the Rhine River. 90008 © engel.ac/Fotolia 90009 90004 The last section of the Rhine lies below the frontier town of Emmerich in the delta region of the Netherlands.There the Rhine breaks up into a number of wide branches, such as the Lek and Waal, farther downstream called the Merwede. With the completion of the huge Delta Project in 1986 constructed to prevent flooding in the southwestern coastal area of ​​the Netherlands-all main branches of the Rhine were closed off; sluices and lateral channels now allow river water to reach the sea. Since 1872 however, the New Waterway Canal, constructed to improve access from the North Sea to Rotterdam, has been the main navigation link between the Rhine and the sea; along this canal was built Europoort, one of the world’s largest ports.90005 90006 Rhine River; Leiden, Netherlands 90007 Old Rhine River at Leiden, Netherlands. 90008 Erik Zachte 90009 Alice F.A. MuttonKarl A. Sinnhuber.90000 Northern Ireland | Geography, Facts, & Points of Interest 90001 90002 90003 Northern Ireland 90004, part of the United Kingdom, lying in the northeastern quadrant of the island of Ireland, on the western continental periphery often characterized as Atlantic Europe. Northern Ireland is sometimes referred to as Ulster, although it includes only six of the nine counties which made up that historic Irish province. 90005 90002 Britannica Quiz 90005 90002 It’s All in the Name 90005 90002 What is another name for Burma? 90005 90002 In proximity to Scotland and to sea channels leading to England and Wales, Northern Ireland has long witnessed generations of newcomers and emigrants, including Celts from continental Europe and Vikings, Normans, and Anglo-Saxons.In the 17th century, the period of the so-called Ulster plantation, thousands of Scottish Presbyterians were forcibly resettled and English military garrisons built, arrivals that would institutionalize the ethnic, religious, and political differences that eventually resulted in violent conflict. 90005 90003 Northern Ireland 90004 90016 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 90017 90002 Since the 1920s, when Northern Ireland was officially separated from Ireland, it has been tormented by sectarian violence.Notwithstanding the peacemaking efforts that began in earnest in the mid-1990s, Northern Ireland is still best navigated by those who are skilled in the shibboleths and cultural codes that demarcate its peoples, governing which football (soccer) team to cheer for, which whiskey to drink, and which song to sing. The complexity of those political markers is captured in a graffito once scrawled on Belfast walls that read «If you are not confused you do not understand the situation.» But, Northern Ireland’s political fortunes subsequently have changed for the better, and with that change has come a flourishing of the arts, so that increasingly outsiders associate the country not with violent politics but with the poems of Seamus Heaney, the music of Van Morrison, and other contributions to world culture.90005 90002 The capital is Belfast, a modern city whose historic centre was badly damaged by aerial bombardment during World War II. Once renowned for its shipyards-the 90021 Titanic 90022 was built there-Belfast has lost much of its industrial base. The city-as with Northern Ireland’s other chief cities Londonderry (known locally and historically as Derry) and Armagh-is graced with parks and tidy residential neighbourhoods. More handsome still is the Northern Irish countryside-green, fertile, and laced with rivers and lakes, all of which have found lyrical expression in the nation’s folk and artistic traditions.90005 Get exclusive access to content from our тисяча сімсот шістьдесят вісім First Edition with your subscription. Subscribe today 90024 Land 90025 90002 Northern Ireland occupies about one-sixth of the island of Ireland and is separated on the east from Scotland, another part of the United Kingdom, by the narrow North Channel, which is at one point only 13 miles (21 km) wide. The Irish Sea separates Northern Ireland from England and Wales on the east and southeast, respectively, and the Atlantic Ocean lies to the north.The southern and western borders are with the republic of Ireland. 90005 90024 Relief 90025 90002 Northern Ireland can be thought of topographically as a saucer centred on Lough (lake) Neagh, the upturned rim of which forms the highlands. Five of the six historic counties-Antrim, Down, Armagh, Tyrone, and Londonderry-meet at the lake, and each has a highland region on the saucer’s rim. To the north and east the mountains of Antrim (physiographically a plateau) tilt upward toward the coast.They reach an elevation of 1,817 feet (554 metres) at Trostan, with the plateau terminating in an impressive cliff coastline of basalts and chalk that is broken by a series of the glaciated valleys known as glens, which face Scotland and are rather isolated from the rest of Northern Ireland. The rounded landscape of drumlins-smooth, elongated mounds left by the melting ice of the final Pleistocene glaciation-in the southeast is punctuated by Slieve Croob, which rises to 1,745 feet (532 metres), and culminates in the Mourne Mountains, which reach an elevation of 2,789 feet (850 metres) at Slieve Donard (Northern Ireland’s highest point) within 2 miles (3 km) of the sea.This impressive landscape of granite peaks is bounded by Carlingford Lough to the south. 90005 90002 The scenery to the south of Lough Neagh is gentler, but the land rises to 1,886 feet (575 metres) in Slieve Gullion near the border with Ireland. West of Lough Neagh the land rises gently to the more rounded Sperrin Mountains; Sawel, at 2,224 feet (678 metres), is the highest of several hills over 2,000 feet (610 metres). The far southwest, the historic County Fermanagh, is focused geographically on the basin of Lough Erne, in a drumlin-strewn area ringed by hills more than 1,000 feet (300 metres) high.90005 90024 Drainage 90025 90002 Much of the landscape of Northern Ireland is gentle, and in most low-lying areas it is covered with swarms of drumlins that have played havoc with the local drainage and are interspersed with marshy hollows. Glaciation also gave the land its main valleys: those of the River Bann (which drains Lough Neagh to the Atlantic Ocean) in the north, the River Blackwater in the southwest, and the River Lagan in the east. All these valleys have been important routeways, but none have been more important than the Lagan, penetrating from Belfast Lough to the very heart of Ulster.90005 90024 Soils 90025 90002 Soils are varied. Although much glacially transported material covers the areas below 700 feet (215 metres) in elevation, the nature of the soil is predominantly influenced by the underlying parent rock. Brown earth soils, forming arable loams, are extensive and are derived from the ancient Silurian rocks of the southeast-some 420 million years old-and from the more recent basalts of the northeast. There are peaty gleys and podzols in the Sperrins, and the impeded drainage of much of the southwest gives rise to acidic brown soil.Peat soils are common, particularly in the hollows lying between the drumlins, and hill peat is widespread throughout Northern Ireland. Although it is of no great commercial value, peat traditionally has been a source of fuel for the peasant farmer and is still cut extensively. 90005.