Голова из руслана и людмилы: Голова из поэмы “Руслан и Людмила” 🤓 [Есть ответ]

героиня поэмы А. С. Пушкина «Руслан и Людмила» — Персонажи и идеи в кино и литературе

В поэме – сказке А. С. Пушкина «Руслан и Людмила» несколько женских образов.

Портрет

Пленительный облик девушки привлекает внимание мужчин. Ее руки добиваются Фарлаф, Ратмир, Рогдай. Обладать красавицей мечтает волшебник Черномор. Только сердце Людмилы принадлежит мужественному Руслану.

Автор не дает подробного описания героини. Разрозненные детали портрета девушки органично вплетаются в ткань произведения. Длинные густые волосы золотого цвета, маленькая ножка, легкий стан, пленительные плечи — подобные элементы помогают читателю представить себе юную красавицу.

Сюжетная линия

Сюжет поэмы развивается стремительно. Веселый свадебный пир сменяется трагическими событиями. Счастливая невеста похищена злым Черномором. Жизнь в плену становится мучительным испытанием. Людмила тоскует по родным местам, пытается обрести свободу. Вернуться домой пленнице помогает возлюбленный. Преодолев все испытания, справившись с кознями врагов, Руслан вызволяет Людмилу. Счастливые влюбленные возвращаются.

Характер

Главная героиня поэмы А. С. Пушкина обладает богатым внутренним миром. Хрупкая нежность скрывает сильный характер.

Людмила преданно любит мужа. Черномор пытается подкупить девушку. Окружает ее роскошью, дарит богатые подарки, выполняет любые капризы. Юная красавица остается верна любимому Руслану, отвергая ухаживания коварного карлы.

Лишенная свободы Людмила сначала чувствует растерянность, страх. Затем справляется со своей слабостью, пытается найти выход. Она открыто издевается над Черномором: крадет шапку – невидимку, смеется над его лысой головой, заставляет запутаться в собственной бороде. Веселый нрав помогает героине прогнать грустные мысли, тоску, отчаяние.

Изнеженная княжна активна, деятельна. Она не льет слезы, а пытается самостоятельно бежать, обрести свободу. Ее смелость, решительность удивляют даже Черномора. Только хитростью, колдовскими чарами удается удержать восемнадцатилетнюю девушку, но завладеть душой Людмилы ему не под силу.

Счастливый финал

Людмила заслужила обретенное счастье. Она не поверила обольстительным речам, отвергла богатые подарки. Любовь, верность, сила духа помогли пережить невзгоды, дождаться любимого Руслана вернуться домой, встретиться с близкими людьми.

90000 Poetry Lovers ‘Page — Aleksandr Pushkin: Ruslan and Lyudmila 90001 You are here: Home »Russian Poets» Aleksandr Pushkin »Ruslan and Lyudmila 90002 Aleksandr Pushkin 90003 90004 1820 90005 DEDICATION, 90006 90004 It’s just for you, my heart’s queens, glorious, My precious beauties, just for you — Of times that gone the fable stories, In leisure’s golden hours, few, Under the past’s much-talking clamor — I wrote with my sure hand; So, receive this playful labor! Not asking any accolade, I’m happy with a hope here That once a maid, in loving fret, Maybe would steal a look hers dear At my iniquitous song’s a set.90005 There’s a green oak-tree by the shores Of the blue bay; on a gold chain, The cat, learned in the fable stories, Walks round the tree in ceaseless strain: Moves to the right — a song it groans, Moves to the left — it tells a tale. There’re marvels there: the wood-spite roams, Midst branches shines the mermaids ‘tail; There are the strangest creatures ‘traces On the mysterious paths and moors; There stands a hut on hen’s legs, hairless, Without windows and doors; There visions fill a vale and forest; There, at a dawn, come waves, the coldest, On the deserted sandy shore, And thirty knights, in armors shone, Come out the clear waves in a colon, And their sea-tutor — them before; There a brave prince, in a fight, shortest, Makes to surrender a king, dread; There, to men ‘views, a wizard, worthless, O’er woods and seas, through clouds, aired, Carries a worrier on his beard; A princess pines away in prison, And a wolf serves her without treason; A mortar, with a witch in it, Walks as if having somewhat feet; There’s King Kashchey, o’er his gold withered; There’s Russian odour … Russian spirit! And I there sat: I drank sweet mead, Saw, near the sea, the green oak, growing, Under it heard a cat, much-knowing, Talking me its long stories ‘set.Having recalled one of its stories, I’ll recite it to the world, glorious … THE FIRST SONG The things of days, in Lithe gone, The legends of the past obscure. In a crowd of a mighty son And faithful friend in his hall’s lure, Vladimir-sun was feasting there — His child Lyudmila, young and fair, Was marring prince Ruslan, the bravest — And from a cup, biggest and heaviest, The sire was drinking to young pair. Our fathers ate then very slow, And slow moved around gests, fine, The jugs and cups, with silver loaded, Filled with the boiling beer and wine.They poured into their hearts great gayness, White foam hissed by the cups breams, And solemnly bore silent servants, And low bowed to gests ‘whims. All speeches merged into one drone; And hums the circle of gay gests; But here, pleasant and fast-flown, Rose a voice of the harp blessed. The bard is heard in silence common, And praises his enchanting songs Lyudmila’s charm, Ruslan’s fame grown, And the Lel’s wreath which them belongs. But, tired with a flaming passion, Does not eat, does not drink Ruslan impatient; He looks at his beloved bride, Sighs, becomes angry, reddens bright … Dragging his moustache in the torment, He counts every passing moment.In sadness, with their brows dark, At the one feasting table stuck, There sit three knights in their young years, They’re silent behind empty jugs, Forgot the goblets, circling here, And put aside the other mugs; They does not hear the omens singer’s, Cast down their eyes, confused and sad — Those are Ruslan’s three competitors; In his heart, each of them has veiled His love and poison of his hate. The first — Rogday, the best of warriors, Which had spread with his sword, the borders Of Kiev fertile fields ‘a lot.The other one — Pharlaph — the loftiest, Ne’er conquer’d in the feastings longest, But very shy amidst a sword; The last, and filled with thoughts of passion, — The khan of Khazars young Ratmir: The three are pale in full depression, And the gay feast can not them stir. The feast is done. And by their rows, Gests stand up in a crowd close, And all look at the youthful pair: The bride cast down her eyes gentle, As if her heart’s in sadness settled, A bridegroom’s in the gladly glare. But shadows embrace all nature, The time is near the middle-night; The lords, had dozed in a mead’s capture, With bows, leave for their home light.The bridegroom’s happy. With great passion, He fondles in his imagination, The beauty of the bashful maid; But with the secret, sad admission, The Great Prince gives benediction To the young couple in the end. And now the bride, so young and prettiest, Is led her wed-bedroom inside; Lights are extinguished … and Lel restless, Lights up the icon-lamp of night. All dear dreams came real now, And ready the blessed gifts of love; The Byzantine carpets above The avid dresses will lie down … D’you hear love’s delightful whispers, And sounds of sweet kisses, then, And this fast weakening resistance Of shyness, last ?… The happy man Forebodes of the heavens ‘pleasures; They’d come … But through a shot time’s span, There peals a thunder, lightning flashes Quenches the icon-lamp, runs smoke — All’s in a darkness and a shock, And Ruslan’s soul lies in ashes … All’s silent. And in silence this, Twice sounded a voice, the nameless, And someone in the thickness mist’s Skied up — more blackened than mist’s blackness … Again, the palace — a mute tomb, And rises the quite shocked bridegroom. From his face, a cold sweat runs down; And trembling, with his cooling hand, He asks the darkness, mute and bland … Alas! His sweet friend’s not around! He catches only empty air; There’s no Lyudmila anywhere — Kidnapped by some one, can not be found.Oh, if a mortar, in a love, Loses a hope for his passion, His life would have been a sad life, But still with its continuation. Yet, after many long a year, Just to embrace his girl beloved, The object of his wish, pine, tear, And, aft a minute, her, so ardent, To lose for ever … Oh, my friend, I’d have been better with the dead. Ruslan’s alive after this wreckage, But what then said the poor Great Prince? Having received the awful message And cursed a son-in-law his, He calls him and all courtiers, farther, «Where is Lyudmila? » Cries the father.Ruslan — his brow’s hot and cold — Does not hear. «Friends, my children dear, I know rewards of all you here: O, have a pity for me, old! Just tell me who from you is ready To ride for saving of my child? And him, whose feat is done already — It’s up to you to weep, you cursed, Could not preserve the wife of yours! — She will be married, I do swear, With half of my so rich a land. So, who this service wants to bear? » «I want,» the saddened bridegroom said, «And I!» cried in the utter gladness Pharlaph, Ratmir and young Ragday, «We’ll mount in our horses ‘saddles And search the world for night and day.We’ll not continue separation, And go for our princess fine. » And by his gratitude resigned, Stretches to them his arms, with passion, The old man, tortured with a pine. All four together they go out; Ruslan — as if were killed with dread: The thought of his kidnapped beloved Is making him the almost dead. They mount their ambitious horses; Along the Dnepr’s banks, rich and joyous, They fly out in the clouds of dust, And vanish very far and fast … Now the horsemen are not seen more … But still is looking the Great Prince Into the now empty fields, Following them with his thoughts sore.Ruslan was pined in whole silence, Having lost almost of his mind; And looking at them all in askance, Akimbo in the vainly kind And loftiness — Pharlaph was riding. He says: «At last, my dear friends, I’m free amidst the dangerous lands! How soon will be my winning fighting With some wild giant? What a blood Will flow, what a heap of perished! Have fun, my sword of the true heart, Have fun, my stallion, never blemished! » In his boiled fancy, the young khan Is now embracing his Lyudmila, He’s almost dancing his horse on, The hot blood is his vessels filling His hope’s blazing from his eyes: He’s driving very fast sometimes, Sometimes is mocking his horse raving, Turning him round, or at once Rearing him or up-hills sending.Ragday is grim and mute … Depending Of the unknown karma’s prance, And burning in sensations selfish, He’s troubled more than all, it seems, And very often his look, hellish, Is following the riding prince. Along the same unchanging road, They’re riding for a whole day. Blackens the bank of the Dnepr, broad, The eastern shades push light away; Mists dress the river’s precipitation; It’s time for horses ‘rest, they feel. There it is seemed — the intersection Of roads under that high hill. «To separate» — they said — «the time is! Let’s give selves to the fateful wave.» And every horse, not feeling armors, Made chosen its own way. What are you doing, Ruslan, helpless, Alone in the desert, grim? Think that that you’d seen Lyudmila precious And that bad day just in your dream? Your copper helmet’s on your brow, Your horse’s bridle’s hanging low — You’re slow riding through the fields And slowly in your soul’s deeps Is dying all your faith and hope … But suddenly in the hill’s slope, The lighted cave he clearly sees, Goes strait under their dozing arches — The contemporaries of nature — Enters, the saddened.What is there? The old man looking clear and fair: His beard is gray, his eye is patient; The icon-lamp before him flares. By it the ancient book is placed — He’s reading it with deep attention. «You’re very welcome, my dear son!» He hailed Ruslan, while kindly smiling, «For twenty years I’m here, alone, In darkness of the life, declining; But now, at last, it came — the day, I’ve foreseen so long ago. We’re put together by Fate’s Law; Sit down and listen what I’ll say. O prince Ruslan, you’ve lost Lyudmila: Your manly heart is in a thrilling; But the sad trice will soon pass by — Your lot is bad just for a while.With a hope and a faith, the merry, Go against all and do not be sad; With a sword, sharp and never scarred, Your fighting road must be set. Know, Ruslan, that your offender Is the magician Chernomor, The old thief of the fair gender, The northern mountains ‘Great Lord. Till now no one could even throw One’s look at his abode, though; But, of the low deals a destroyer — You’ll enter it, and the blackguard, Will perish under your arm, hard. I must not tell you any more; From now, my son, you will decide What your fate must have in its store.» Our knight fell to the old man’s feet, Kissing his hand in recognition. With light of hope his eyes are lit And heart forgot the past infliction. Again he lives; and yet again His flamed face shows desolation … «I know your woe’s explanation; But there’s no reason for complain, » The old man said, «Your consternation Is raised by love of the fiend, grayed; Be calm: in vain is his black passion — And safe from it the young maid’s held. He throws down stars from heavens, He whistles — and the moon is mad; But ‘gainst the law, that time engraves, His mighty science is impotent.The guard, observant one and jealous, Of all locks of the merciless doors, He’s just a torturer, the helpless, Of Beauty, in his prison closed. Around her he, silent, roams, Curses his so cruel fate … But now, o noblest of the warriors, You need a rest — it’s getting late. » Ruslan lies on the moss heap, gentle, Before the slow dying flames. He seeks a sleep, its lulling waves, Turns round, sighs in stiffness, mental … In vain! And speaks at last the knight: «My father, I can not sleep this night! What can I do? My heart lost patience, My sleep’s not sleep, my life’s not life.Permit me to relax my strife With your so holly conversation. Forgive my asking not polite: Say, who are you, my noble savior, My fate’s mate of the strange behavior? Why are you in this desert site? » [TO BE CONTINUED] Translated by 90004 Yevgeny Bonver 90005, February, 2004 February, 2005 90011 90012 90013 Copyright © 1995-2020 poetryloverspage.com. All rights reserved. 90012 90015.90000 Ruslan and Lyudmila | State Kremlin Palace 90001 90002 Ballet in two acts 90003 90002 M. Glinka — V. Agafonnikov 90003 90002 Libretto by Andrey Petrov after the poem by Aleksander Pushkin and the opera composed by Mikhail Glinka 90003 90002 Choreography and production — National Artist of Russia, laureate of the Moscow Premium Andrey Petrov 90003 90002 Designer — Marina Sokolova 90003 90002 Ballet was created based on the poem Pushkin and Mikhail Glinka ‘s opera, which is adjacent to the fabulous magic of reality and history and fiction peppered with gentle irony.90003 90002 Weighty ease Pushkin line acquires monumental philosophical images of the opera. «Tales of olden times,» told in the language of classical dance: mutual love Ruslan and Ludmilla, her abduction Black Sea coast, the rivalry contenders for the hand and heart of Kiev Princess — Farlaf cowardly and proud Ratmira, Black Sea and the magical power of his beard … 90003 90002 Deceit and cowardice wins justice and young love. 90003 90002 The performance is accompanied by the Symphony Orchestra Radio Orpheus (Artistic managing director and Principal conductor — Sergey Kondrashov) 90003 90002 Act One 90003 90002 Scene 1.90003 90002 There is the celebratory excitement in the quarters of bodyguard of Sveto¬zar, Great Prince of Kiev. Lyudmila must choose an intended husband. Then the suitors appear: Farlaf, an arrogant Varangian duke, and Ratmir, a dreamy Khazar prince. Ratmir is pursued by Gorislava who is in love with him with a plea to aban¬don Lyudmila. 90003 90002 Here is Ruslan. Mutual love has had long but until then secret links between Lyudmila and a Kievan knight. But Khazar princess ‘choice is done.The Prince and his armed force praise the young couple. The wedding ceremony begins. Then — thunder … Lightning … 90003 90002 90003 90002 The sinister figure of an evil sorcerer Chernomor arises. Lyudmila freezes. An evil sorcerer abducts her. Ruslan is in despair. Svetozar promises Lyudmila will be a wife of the hero who returns her to father. The competitors leave Kiev. 90003 90002 Scene 2. 90003 90002 The scene of enchanted forest appears. Naina is chasing Finn with her love. He rejects her.An evil sorceress swears to have revenge. Finn meets Ruslan — Ruslan notices Lyudmila in the smoke of the magic fire. He thanks Finn and leaves to search Chernomor’s castle … Naina is on watch for Farlaf. She promises that Lyudmila will be his. Naina gives Farlaf everything he was dreaming of: downy bed and the table full of viand. Overwhelmed with wine and gluttony, he falls asleep and forgets about Lyudmila. 90003 90002 Scene 3. 90003 90002 Ruslan puts out to the field: the remnants of bloody carnage are visible.The knight is in doubt. «Will I find Lyudmila or fall dead like these unknown warriors?» There is a hill in front of Ruslan — it is The Head. The Head spills into a great num¬ber of warriors. The battle is fierce and the forces are unequal, but Ruslan goes out a winner. The warriors are diverted: The Head is replaced with magic sword. 90003 90002 Scene 4. 90003 90002 Naina is hexing and tries to lure the knights. Her escort is the swarm of ugly crones who are transforming into beautiful girls.The forest turns into the mag-nificent oriental palace. Naina is on watch for a victim and preparing poisoned drink for Ratmir … Gorislava persistently follows Ratmir but a proud Khazar prince is longing to find Lyudmila, though Gorislava is dearer and closer to him. Ratmir leaves his crying girlfriend and enters Naina’s palace. The magic girls, wine and viand — and here is Ratmir who lost his shield, sword and helmet. Naina’s spells force Ratmir to forget about everything in the world. Gorislava, Finn and Ruslan appear in the palace.They release Ratmir. 90003 90002 90003 90002 Act Two 90003 90002 90003 90002 Scene 1. 90003 90002 Lyudmila awakes in the Chernomor’s castle. Trying to make love with Lyud-mila, Chernomor turns into Ruslan. But Lyudmila feels deception — it is an angry dwarf in front of her. Lyudmila tangles the magic beard of the villain. 90003 90002 The Chernomor’s servants appear solemnly bearing the dwarf and his beard. It is the sorcerer’s might parade. The vortex of lezghinka captivates all the partici¬pants.Lyudmila is almost unconscious. The dwarf slowly approaches his victim … The sound of horn rings out. It is Ruslan who challenges Chernomor to a battle. The battle is short and fierce. The dwarf takes Ruslan in the clouds … 90003 90002 Scene 2. 90003 90002 Ruslan defeated the dwarf but Lyudmila is sleeping the spellful sleep and do not recognize her sweetheart. Ratmir and Gorislava come to help Ruslan. 90003 90002 Scene 3. 90003 90002 Naina drags palsied Farlaf — his hour has come. Fear makes him to submit.They are chasing the traces of Ruslan. 90003 90002 Scene 4. 90003 90002 Night in the wilderness comes. Ruslan is guarding Lyudmila asleep but he is very tired so he falls asleep too. Naina and Farlaf appear. Farlaf drives a sword into Ruslan’s chest and abducts Lyudmila. Naina triumphs. Suddenly Finn appears with the water of death and the water of life. Ruslan’s wounds heal. The charac¬ters are heading for Kiev. Naina is defeated and her plans are destroyed. 90003 90002 Scene 5. 90003 90002 Farlaf, who abducted Lyudmila, brought her back to Kiev.But nobody can awake her from magic sleep. She can not recognize even her father … Great Prince of Kiev mourns over his daughter. But suddenly Ruslan runs in. His love awakes Lyudmila from her sleep. Faint-hearted Farlaf begs for mercy. There is the hap¬piness and jubilation in the Prince Svetozar’s palace. Russian people glorify the brave knight and the young princess … 90003 .90000 Aleksandr Pushkin | Biography, Works, & Legacy 90001 90002 90003 Aleksandr Pushkin 90004, in full 90003 Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin 90004, (born May 26 [June 6, New Style], 1799, Moscow, Russia-died January 29 [February 10], 1837 St. Petersburg), Russian poet, novelist, dramatist, and short-story writer; he has often been considered his country’s greatest poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. 90007 90002 Britannica Quiz 90007 90002 The ABCs of Poetry: Fact or Fiction? 90007 90002 Prose and poetry are the same thing.90007 90014 The early years 90015 90002 Pushkin’s father came of an old boyar family; his mother was a granddaughter of Abram Hannibal, who, according to family tradition, was an Abyssinian princeling bought as a slave at Constantinople (Istanbul) and adopted by Peter the Great, whose comrade in arms he became. Pushkin immortalized him in an unfinished historical novel, 90017 Arap Petra Velikogo 90018 (1827; 90017 The Negro of Peter the Great 90018). Like many aristocratic families in early 19th-century Russia, Pushkin’s parents adopted French culture, and he and his brother and sister learned to talk and to read in French.They were left much to the care of their maternal grandmother, who told Aleksandr, especially, stories of his ancestors in Russian. From Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva, his old nurse, a freed serf (immortalized as Tatyana’s nurse in 90017 Yevgeny Onegin 90018), he heard Russian folktales. During summers at his grandmother’s estate near Moscow he talked to the peasants and spent hours alone, living in the dream world of a precocious, imaginative child. He read widely in his father’s library and gained stimulus from the literary guests who came to the house.90007 90002 In 1811 Pushkin entered the newly founded Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo (later renamed Pushkin) and while there began his literary career with the publication (1814, in 90017 Vestnik Evropy, 90018 «The Messenger of Europe») of his verse epistle «To My Friend, the Poet. » In his early verse, he followed the style of his older contemporaries, the Romantic poets K.N. Batyushkov and V.A. Zhukovsky, and of the French 17th- and 18th-century poets, especially the Vicomte de Parny. 90007 90002 While at the Lyceum he also began his first completed major work, the romantic poem 90017 Ruslan i Lyudmila 90018 (1820; 90017 Ruslan and Ludmila 90018), written in the style of the narrative poems of Ludovico Ariosto and Voltaire but with an old Russian setting and making use of Russian folklore.Ruslan, modeled on the traditional Russian epic hero, encounters various adventures before rescuing his bride, Ludmila, daughter of Vladimir, grand prince of Kiev, who, on her wedding night, has been kidnapped by the evil magician Chernomor. The poem flouted accepted rules and genres and was violently attacked by both of the established literary schools of the day, Classicism and Sentimentalism. It brought Pushkin fame, however, and Zhukovsky presented his portrait to the poet with the inscription «To the victorious pupil from the defeated master.»90007 Get exclusive access to content from our тисяча сімсот шістьдесят вісім First Edition with your subscription. Subscribe today 90014 St. Petersburg 90015 90002 In 1817 Pushkin accepted a post in the foreign office at St. Petersburg, where he was elected to Arzamás, an exclusive literary circle founded by his uncle’s friends. Pushkin also joined the Green Lamp association, which, though founded (in 1818) for discussion of literature and history, became a clandestine branch of a secret society, the Union of Welfare.In his political verses and epigrams, widely circulated in manuscript, he made himself the spokesman for the ideas and aspirations of those who were to take part in the Decembrist rising of 1825 році, the unsuccessful culmination of a Russian revolutionary movement in its earliest stage. 90007 90014 Exile in the south 90015 90002 For these political poems, Pushkin was banished from St. Petersburg in May 1820 to a remote southern province. Sent first to Yekaterinoslav (now Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine), he was there taken ill and, while convalescing, traveled in the northern Caucasus and later to Crimea with General Rayevski, a hero of 1812, and his family.The impressions he gained provided material for his «southern cycle» of romantic narrative poems: 90017 Kavkazsky plennik 90018 (1820-21; 90017 The Prisoner of the Caucasus 90018), 90017 Bratya razboyniki 90018 (1821-22; 90017 The Robber Brothers 90018) , and 90017 Bakhchisaraysky fontan 90018 (тисяча вісімсот двадцять три; 90017 The Fountain of Bakhchisaray 90018). 90007 90002 Although this cycle of poems confirmed the reputation of the author of 90017 Ruslan and Ludmila 90018 and Pushkin was hailed as the leading Russian poet of the day and as the leader of the romantic, liberty-loving generation of the 1820s, he himself was not satisfied with it.In May тисячі вісімсот двадцять три he started work on his central masterpiece, the novel in verse 90017 Yevgeny Onegin 90018 (1833), on which he continued to work intermittently until 1831. In it he returned to the idea of ​​presenting a typical figure of his own age but in a wider setting and by means of new artistic methods and techniques. 90007 90002 90017 Yevgeny Onegin 90018 unfolds a panoramic picture of Russian life. The characters it depicts and immortalizes-Onegin, the disenchanted skeptic; Lensky, the romantic, freedom-loving poet; and Tatyana, the heroine, a profoundly affectionate study of Russian womanhood: a «precious ideal,» in the poet’s own words-are typically Russian and are shown in relationship to the social and environmental forces by which they are molded.Although formally the work resembles Lord Byron’s 90017 Don Juan, 90018 Pushkin rejects Byron’s subjective, romanticized treatment in favour of objective description and shows his hero not in exotic surroundings but at the heart of a Russian way of life. Thus, the action begins at St. Petersburg, continues on a provincial estate, then switches to Moscow, and finally returns to St. Petersburg. 90007 90002 Pushkin had meanwhile been transferred first to Kishinyov (1820-23; now Chişinău, Moldova) and then to Odessa (1823-24).His bitterness at continued exile is expressed in letters to his friends-the first of a collection of correspondence that became an outstanding and enduring monument of Russian prose. At Kishinyov, a remote outpost in Moldavia, he devoted much time to writing, though he also plunged into the life of a society engaged in amorous intrigue, hard drinking, gaming, and violence. At Odessa he fell passionately in love with the wife of his superior, Count Vorontsov, governor-general of the province. He fought several duels, and eventually the count asked for his discharge.Pushkin, in a letter to a friend intercepted by the police, had stated that he was now taking «lessons in pure atheism.» This finally led to his being again exiled to his mother’s estate of Mikhaylovskoye, near Pskov, at the other end of Russia. 90007 90014 At Mikhaylovskoye 90015 90002 Although the two years at Mikhaylovskoye were unhappy for Pushkin, they were to prove one of his most productive periods. Alone and isolated, he embarked on a close study of Russian history; he came to know the peasants on the estate and interested himself in noting folktales and songs.During this period the specifically Russian features of his poetry became steadily more marked. His ballad «Zhenikh» (1825; «The Bridegroom»), for instance, is based on motifs from Russian folklore; and its simple, swift-moving style, quite different from the brilliant extravagance of 90017 Ruslan and Ludmila 90018 or the romantic, melodious music of the «southern» poems, emphasizes its stark tragedy. 90007 90002 In один тисяча вісімсот двадцять чотири he published 90017 Tsygany 90018 (90017 The Gypsies 90018), begun earlier as part of the «southern cycle.»At Mikhaylovskoye, too, he wrote the provincial chapters of 90017 Yevgeny Onegin; 90018 the poem 90017 Graf Nulin 90018 (1827; «Count Nulin»), based on the life of the rural gentry; and, finally, one of his major works, the historical tragedy 90017 Boris Godunov 90018 (1831). 90007 90002 The latter marks a break with the Neoclassicism of the French theatre and is constructed on the «folk-principles» of William Shakespeare’s plays, especially the histories and tragedies, plays written «for the people» in the widest sense and thus universal in their appeal.Written just before the Decembrist rising, it treats the burning question of the relations between the ruling classes, headed by the tsar, and the masses; it is the moral and political significance of the latter, «the judgment of the people,» that Pushkin emphasizes. Set in Russia in a period of political and social chaos on the brink of the 17th century, its theme is the tragic guilt and inexorable fate of a great hero-Boris Godunov, son-in-law of Malyuta Skuratov, a favourite of Ivan the Terrible, and here presented as the murderer of Ivan’s little son, Dmitri.The development of the action on two planes, one political and historical, the other psychological, is masterly and is set against a background of turbulent events and ruthless ambitions. The play owes much to Pushkin’s reading of early Russian annals and chronicles, as well as to Shakespeare, who, as Pushkin said, was his master in bold, free treatment of character, simplicity, and truth to nature. Although lacking the heightened, poetic passion of Shakespeare’s tragedies, 90017 Boris 90018 excels in the «convincingness of situation and naturalness of dialogue» at which Pushkin aimed, sometimes using conversational prose, sometimes a five-foot iambic line of great flexibility.The character of the pretender, the false Dmitri, is subtly and sympathetically drawn; and the power of the people, who eventually bring him to the throne, is so greatly emphasized that the play’s publication was delayed by censorship. Pushkin’s ability to create psychological and dramatic unity, despite the episodic construction, and to heighten the dramatic tension by economy of language, detail, and characterization make this outstanding play a revolutionary event in the history of Russian drama.90007 .90000 Ruslan and Lyudmila 90001 90002 90003 Act I 90004 90005 At the court of Svetozar, Prince of Kiev, celebrations are in progress before the marriage of his daughter, Lyudmila, to Ruslan, a warrior. The Bayan (a minstrel) sings of the trials in store for Ruslan, though he predicts the victory of true love. Nostalgically, Lyudmila bids farewell to her parent’s home, and consoles her unsuccessful suitors, the eastern prince Ratmir and the Varangian warrior Farlaf. Suddenly all darkens: when light is restored, Lyudmila has vanished.90005 Svetozar promises her hand and half his kingdom to the one who rescues her. 90007 90002 90003 Act II 90004 90005 In his cave, Finn, a good magician, reveals to Ruslan that Lyudmila’s abductor is the dwarf Chernomor (whose strength lies in his enormously long beard) and warns Ruslan against the evil enchantress Naina. The scene changes to a deserted place where Naina instructs a very frightened Farlaf to wait at home; she will help him defeat Ruslan and gain Lyudmila. Finally on a deserted battlefield Ruslan reaffirms hisresolve, then defeats a gigantic head and draws a sword from beneath; the head explains he is Chernomor’s brother and one of his victims, and that the sword’s magic can defeat the dwarf.90007 90002 90003 Act III 90004 90005 In Naina’s enchanted palace her maidens are directing their allure at a travel-weary Ratmir, to the distress of his slave, Gorislava, who loves him. 90005 Ruslan appears and is smitten with Gorislava, but Finn intervenes and breaks the seductive spell, uniting Ratmir and Gorislava, and all set out to rescue Lyudmila. 90007 90002 90003 Act IV 90004 90005 Confined in Chernomor’s enchanted garden, Lyudmila voices her despair and defiance, rejecting her captor’s blandishments.At Ruslan’s approach Chernomor casts a spell over her and goes out to fight with Ruslan. Chernomor’s followers observe the offstage encounter, in which Ruslan catches hold of Chernomor’s beard, then cuts it off. Triumphantly he returns onstage with it, but is in despair when he finds Lyudmila in an enchanted sleep. He decides to take her back to Kiev. 90007 90002 90003 Act V 90004 90005 Ratmir sings of his love for Gorislava. Farlaf abducts Lyudmila and speeds to Kiev. 90005 Meanwhile Finn gives Ratmir a magic ring that will waken Lyudmila.In Kiev Farlaf can not rouse her but when Ruslan arrives with Ratmir he breaks the spell with the aid of the ring. General rejoicing. 90007.