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Apatin — Wikipedia

Apatin (Serbian Cyrillic: Апатин, Hungarian: Apatin, Croatian: Apatin) is a town and municipality located in the West Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2011 census, the population of the town is 17,411, while the municipality has 28,929 inhabitants.

Contents

  • 1 Name
  • 2 Geography
  • 3 History
  • 4 Inhabited places
  • 5 Demographics
    • 5.1 Ethnic groups in the municipality
    • 5.2 Settlements by ethnic majority
    • 5.3 Ethnic groups in the town
  • 6 Spa
  • 7 Buildings
  • 8 Economy
  • 9 Tourist attraction
  • 10 Sport
  • 11 Notable natives and residents
  • 12 See also
  • 13 Gallery
  • 14 References
  • 15 Further reading
  • 16 External links

In Serbian, the town is known as Apatin (Апатин), while the same name is also used in German, Romanian, Croatian (Šokac), and Hungarian.

According to some claims, the name Apatin is derived from the old form Opaty, by which the town was first mentioned in the 11th century.[4]

Geography[edit]

The Municipality of Apatin is located on the left bank of the Danube river between the municipalities of Sombor (to the northeast) and Odžaci (to the southeast).

Apatin is situated in the north-western part of the spacious plain in Bačka, on the left side of the Danube. It is in the autonomous province of Vojvodina.

History[edit]

The favourable geographic position, proximity to the Danube, and natural wealth of this area (fruitful ground, woods next to the river, abundance of fish in swampy regions and backwaters, and game in woods) attracted people through all ages and made them settle here. Because of these reasons, even in pre-historic times, cultures such as the Sarmatians, the Celts, the Goths and many others were replacing each other within this region, one by one.

In the first century, during the Roman conquest, the settlement was turned into a military trench with fortifications, and played an important role in the defense of the Pannonia province. Subsequently, the area came under control of the Huns, Gepids and Avars. In the sixth century the Slavs settled,[5] and in the ninth century, the area was included into the Bulgarian Empire. Bulgarian duke Salan who had residence in Titel ruled over region of Bačka. In the tenth century the Hungarians came to Central Europe, thereby establishing a state, which was populated by both, Hungarians and Slavs.

The first mentioning of Apatin in any written script was in the year 1011, by the Abbey of Kalocsa Bishopric. According to other source, Apatin was firstly mentioned in 1407. During this time, settlement was part of the Bodrogiensis County within the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.

During the 14th and 15th centuries, the area became feudalistic, and in exchange for lands, the vassals would need to complete military service to the lord of the property. Many fishermen, hunters, and millers then began to settle down in this area.

In 1417, Apatin is mentioned as a property of Stefan Lazarević, who was crowned as the Despot of Serbia in 1402. [6] In 1526-1527 it belonged to the short-lived Serb state of Emperor Jovan Nenad, and soon after (in 1541) this area became part of the Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman administration Apatin was part of the Sanjak of Segedin and was mainly populated by ethnic Serbs.

In the end of the 17th century it became part of the Habsburg monarchy. Many of the refugees during the massive migration of Serbs led by Arsenije Čarnojević in 1690, came to Apatin, Sombor and Prigrevica, thus the Serb population in this area increased. A new wave of colonisation occurred in 1748 when many German colonists settled in Apatin, pushing out the Serbs mostly by force, who then evacuated towards Stapar.

The Orthodox Christian Temple.

The German colonists came from many different regions. The gathering centre was in Ulm, Germany and from that point they were transported by the Danube to Apatin, which became the main base of the German expansion in Vojvodina. The church was built near the port and the city square was also built at this time. The real estate value of buildings, such as schools, fishermen’s station, hand craft’s workshops, began to rise.

The Chamber of Court decided to put forth economic objectives to better the economy, and in 1756 the brewery and distillery were built. In 1764 a large textiles factory was built. In 1760 Apatin was officially proclaimed a town and a main trade centre with a special status.

At the end of the 18th century, a catastrophic flood destroyed the old town square, and ruined half of the settlement. The new square was built north-westward from the brewery. The town as seen today, began to take shape. During the 18th and in the early part of 19th century, Apatin had prospered economically, mostly because of developed trade, handcraft and shipbuilding.

During the initial years of the Habsburg administration, Apatin was administratively a part of the Batsch County within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. Subsequently, it was included into the newly formed Batsch-Bodrog County. In 1848-1849 Apatin was part of the Serbian Voivodship, a Serb autonomous region within Austrian Empire, and between 1849 and 1860 it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, a separate Austrian province. After abolishment of the voivodeship, in 1860 it was again included into Batsch-Bodrog County within the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, which became one of two autonomous parts of the Monarchy after 1867.

The Assumption of Blessed Virgin Mary Catholic Church in the centre of the town.

In the year of 1869 numerous banks and saving-banks were established, and that opened the door to industrial development. A great number of brickyards produced brick and tile, which were used to construct many buildings in Vienna and almost all in Pest. In 1912 Apatin was connected to Sombor and Sonta by the railroad, and the following year, a shipyard was founded. Today, the shipyard has been modernized as it the only shipyard on the whole Danube which has a special lift for quickly drawing boats out onto the docks.

According to 1910 census, most of the inhabitants of Apatin spoke the German language.

In 1918, as part of Banat, Bačka and Baranja, Apatin became part of the Kingdom of Serbia, which later together with the Kingdom of Montenegro and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs formed the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929). In 1918–1919, Apatin was part of the Banat, Bačka and Baranja region and also (from 1918 to 1922) part of the Novi Sad District. Between 1922 and 1929, the town was part of the Bačka Oblast and between 1929 and 1941, part of the Danube Banovina, one of the provinces of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

When Axis Powers invaded, occupied and partitioned Yugoslavia in 1941, Apatin was included into Bács-Bodrog County within the Horthy’s Hungary. The town remained under Axis control until 1944. During the Battle of Batina, the front was stretched all the way to Apatin and Bogojevo, and these places became military bases overnight.

Yugoslav Partisans entered Apatin on October 24, 1944, and since then Apatin was part of the Yugoslav Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, which (from 1945) was part of the People’s Republic of Serbia within the new Socialist Yugoslavia.

In 1944, as a consequence of World War II events in Yugoslavia, one part of Yugoslav citizens of German ethnicity left from the area, together with defeated German army. The antifascist council for deliberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) declared the remaining German population as public enemies and sent them to communist prison camps, where one part of them died from disease, cold and malnutrition. The death toll among the German population of Apatin amounts to 2,074 people known by name. This figure includes the victims of deportation to the USSR.[7] After prison camps were dissolved (in 1948), most of the remaining German population left Yugoslavia in subsequent decades, mainly because of economic reasons. After the war, Apatin was populated by (mainly Serb) settlers from other parts of Yugoslavia, largely from Lika.

Population censuses conducted after World War II recorded Serbs as the largest ethnic group in the town.

Between 1992 and 2003, Apatin was part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, between 2003 and 2006 part of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, and since 2006 it is part of an independent Serbia.

Inhabited places[edit]

Kupusina

Apatin

Prigrevica

Svilojevo

Sonta

Municipality
of Apatin

Map of Apatin municipality

Apatin municipality includes the city of Apatin and the following villages:

  • Kupusina
  • Prigrevica
  • Svilojevo
  • Sonta

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
194831,145—    
195332,612+0. 92%
196134,836+0.83%
197134,279−0.16%
198133,843−0.13%
199132,999−0.25%
200232,813−0.05%
201128,929−1.39%
Source: [8]

According to the last official census done in 2011, the municipality of Apatin has 28,929 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups in the municipality[edit]

See also: Serbs in Vojvodina, Hungarians in Vojvodina, Romani people of Vojvodina, Romanians in Vojvodina, Croats in Vojvodina, and List of Hungarian communities in Vojvodina

As many as 24 ethnic groups live in the Apatin municipality, including:[9]

  • Serbs = 18,164 (62.79%)
  • Hungarians = 3,102 (10.72%)
  • Croats = 3,015 (10.42%)
  • Romanians = 1,148 (3.97%)
  • Romani = 654 (2.26%)
  • Others (including Montenegrins, Macedonians, Bosniaks, Germans, Slovaks, etc. ).

Settlements by ethnic majority[edit]

Settlements with a Serb ethnic majority are Apatin and Prigrevica. The settlement with a Croat/Šokac ethnic majority is Sonta. Settlements with Hungarian ethnic majority are Kupusina and Svilojevo.

Ethnic groups in the town[edit]

  • Serbs = 13,990 (72.41%)
  • Romanians = 967 (5.01%)
  • Hungarians = 848 (4.39%)
  • Croats = 658 (3.41%)
  • Yugoslavs = 612 (3.17%)
  • Roma = 369 (1.91%)
  • Germans = 142 (0.74%)
  • Montenegrins = 100 (0.52%)
  • Others.

Near the city of Apatin lies the Junaković spa. It is a modern and well-equipped rehabilitation and recreation centre with sports fields, outdoor pools, indoor therapy, and saunas.

Buildings[edit]

Major buildings in Apatin include the new Orthodox Christian cathedral, the Catholic church of The Assumption of Mary (built in the 18th century), the Apatin city hall, and the Speiser mausoleum.

Economy[edit]

As of September 2017, Apatin has one of 14 free economic zones established in Serbia. [10] It covers 160 hectares of ground next to river Danube, and forms so called «Free Port Apatin» (Serbian: «Slobodna zona Apatin»).

The largest companies in Apatin today are the Apatin Brewery, «Jedinstvo» (agricultural company) and «Apatin Shipyard» (formerly known as Boris Kidrič Shipyard).

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[11]

ActivityTotal
Agriculture, forestry and fishing559
Mining and quarrying1
Manufacturing1,613
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply19
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities60
Construction177
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles799
Transportation and storage338
Accommodation and food services227
Information and communication22
Financial and insurance activities75
Real estate activities11
Professional, scientific and technical activities169
Administrative and support service activities223
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security321
Education416
Human health and social work activities396
Arts, entertainment and recreation63
Other service activities101
Individual agricultural workers220
Total5,812

Tourist attraction[edit]

Apatin has popular tourist location, and because of its proximity to the Danube river and the forests, it is gathering place for fishermen and hunters. There is also an annual gathering called Apatinske ribarske večeri (Apatin Fishermen Nights), which has taken place for the last forty some years. Ribarske večeri usually starts on July 1, and lasts five or seven days.

Apatin has a rich history in sports. Željko Rebrača is by far the most famous athlete from this area, but in the past, Apatin has had athletes represent Yugoslavia (and now Serbia) on the international stage. Today, some of the well known professional sports clubs are:

  • FK Mladost — member of the Serbia First League Soccer Association
  • RK Apatin — member of the Serbia Second League Handball Association

Notable natives and residents[edit]

  • Paul Abraham, composer of Jewish-Hungarian descent
  • Frank Dancevic, Serbian-Canadian tennis player whose father hails from Apatin [12]
  • Nenad Medić, poker player
  • Gyula Pártos, Hungarian architect
  • Željko Rebrača, basketball player
  • Ervin Šinko, writer of Croatian–Hungarian descent

See also[edit]

  • List of places in Serbia
  • Municipalities of Serbia
  • West Bačka District

Gallery[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ «Municipalities of Serbia, 2006». «Odbegla misica reprizirala venčanje u zavičaju». Blic.rs. 27 November 2015. Retrieved 2017-08-28.

Further reading[edit]

  • Rajić, Rade, and Dragan Radonić. Apatin i despot Stefan Lazarević. Opštinski kulturni centar, 2002.

External links[edit]

  • Apatin vesti
  • www.soapatin.org
  • Apatin Forum
  • Castle Fernbach, Apatin

Река Дунай: через всю Европу

Дунай — крупнейшая западноевропейская река с налаженным судоходством. Баржи и сухогрузы ходят по реке в течение всей навигации, а теплоходы туристических компаний совершают туры по Дунаю в летние месяцы, с мая по сентябрь. Река очень живописная, подарок для любителей неспешных круизов и путешественников, которые стараются в один прием посетить максимальное количество стран. Дунай для такой цели вполне подходит, на его пути расположены десять европейских стран.

Государства, по территории которых течет река Дунай, начинаются с Германии, там находится исток. Горы немецкого Шварцвальда дают начало великой реке. Рождение Дуная окружено тайной. Пройдя примерно тридцать километров, река вдруг исчезает. Вся вода, до последней капли, уходит под землю, бурлит там и мечется, чтобы через 12 километров вырваться наружу в виде мощного источника, которому дали название Аахский ключ. В 1876 году этому ключу устроили проверку, оказалось, что он питается целиком и полностью водой от истока Дуная.

Но самое интересное то, что Аахский ключ отдает всю воду реке Радольфцеллер Аах, которая уносит ее в озеро Боден, а из этого озера берет свое начало река Рейн, являющаяся одной из самых крупных водных артерий Германии. Тем не менее, имеющихся водных ресурса вполне достаточно и самому Дунаю. После поворота у немецкого Регенсбурга река набирает силу, постепенно становится полноводной и уже неторопливо течет дальше. Пройдя Австрию и Венскую впадину, река Дунай какое-то время течет по границе Словакии с Венгрией. Вернее становится естественной границей между двумя странами на достаточно продолжительном участке. Затем, в районе Будапешта, она круто сворачивает на юг.

Теперь путь замечательной европейской реки лежит на юг, по пути Дунай делит венгерскую столицу — Будапешт — на два города, Буда и Пешт. Надо сказать, что Буда и Пешт вместе с Дунаем образуют одно из самых красивых мест на всем земном шаре. Венгерская столица является к тому же мировой столицей лечебно-оздоровительных купален. Множество термальных источников вывели Будапешт на одно из первых мест в индустрии лечебного отдыха, и в этом городу помог Голубой Дунай.

После того как Дунай пересекает южную границу Венгрии, он вновь становится природной границей между двумя странами, на этот раз Сербией и Хорватией. Однако вскоре река Дунай поворачивает круто влево, уходит от границы и встречается с прекрасным старинным городом Белград. Там же Дунай принимает один из главных своих притоков, реку Сава. Пополнив силы, течет дальше, по направлению к Румынии. И вновь, уже в который раз, река Дунай становится естественной границей между двумя странами. По всей длине соприкосновения румынской территории с Болгарией граница проходит по руслу Дуная.

И только немного не доходя до берегов Черного моря, река Дунай поворачивает на север, чтобы коснуться самой крайней южной точки Молдавии и немного пройтись по украинской земле. Она делится на несколько рукавов, образуя классический треугольник речной дельты, проходит последние несколько километров и спокойно вливает свои уставшие от долгого путешествия воды в гостеприимное Черное море.

Дунай: самая длинная река, протекающая через Центральную Европу

  1. Дом
  2. Информация о вашем круизе
  3. Перед бронированием
  4. Круиз по Дунаю

Дунай

Дунай – самая длинная река в Европе и самая длинная река, протекающая по территории Европейского Союза. Он начинается в Шварцвальде в Германии, где две реки, Бригах и Брег, встречаются в Донауэшингене; именно отсюда река получила свое название от Дуная. Длина Дуная составляет примерно 2970 км от Донауэшингена, а фактически 3019 км от официального истока. Затем он течет на восток и пересекает несколько столиц центральной, восточной и южной Европы (Вена, Братислава, Будапешт и Белград). Он впадает в Черное море через дельту Дуная, расположенную в Румынии и Украине, дельту, внесенную в Список всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО.

Дунай веками был важным речным путем. Известная в истории как одна из границ Римской империи, река протекает по границам десяти стран: Германии, Австрии, Словакии, Венгрии, Хорватии, Сербии, Болгарии, Румынии, Молдовы и Украины.

© Лучано Мортула

Тиса

Тиса — река в Центральной Европе, приток Дуная. Тиса считается одной из самых богатых рыбой рек в Европе. Именно на берегу Тисы умер Аттила Гунн. Течение Тисы составляет 1378 км, что делает ее длиннее Рейна. Однако расстояние от его источника по прямой составляет всего 467 км. Его ширина варьируется от 160 до 320 метров. Тиса происходит из лесов Украинских Карпат, на стыке Белой Тисы и Черной Тисы. Она проводит границу между Украиной и Румынией. До тех пор Тиса чиста и быстро течет по дну узких долин. Затем он путешествует по всей Венгрии, где становится медленнее и грязнее. Он проходит через Великие восточные равнины и впадает в Дунай в Сербии после Нови-Сада.

© CroisiEurope

От Дуная до Черного моря

Откройте для себя 7 стран и остановитесь в крупных столицах. Пройдите через знаменитые Железные ворота и плывите в дельту Дуная.

Мы говорим о Железных Воротах, Дунайском ущелье, где река течет между отвесными скальными стенами. Это часть границы между Сербией и юго-западной Румынией. Там река отделяет южные Карпаты от северных Балканских гор. Течение Дуная имеет длину 135 км. Ширина реки колеблется от 2 км до менее 150 м в некоторых местах. Дельта Дуная расположена на три четверти на севере румынской провинции Добруджа и на четверть в украинской Одесской области в Буджакском районе южной Бессарабии. Имея площадь 3 446 км², она является одной из крупнейших европейских дельт после дельты Волги.

© Стефан Пфлегер

Сава

Сава — река, протекающая в Словении, Хорватии, Боснии и Герцеговине и Сербии. Это приток на правом берегу Дуная, впадающий в Белград. (Не путать с Савой, которая является притоком Гаронны во Франции.) Длина Савы составляет около 1000 км, а площадь ее бассейна составляет 95 720 км². В римские времена он был известен как Савус. Его часто считают северной границей Балкан.

© Трабантос

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